St. Polycarp

Today we honor this Bishop and Martyr, St. Polycarp (70-167), who was a disciple of St. John the Evangelist. He is listed during this, the Christmas season, because of his staunch support for the fact of God coming to us in the form of a Person, in the flesh. He wrote an Epistle to the Phillippians, in which he states these words: "Whosoever confesses not that Jesus Christ came in the flesh, is an Antichrist." Because of this, he earns the right to stand near the Crib. St. John mentions him in the Apocalypse, (ii. 8-10). 'Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee the crown of life.' Following is that Epistle:


THE EPISTLE OF POLYCARP TO THE PHILIPPIANS


Polycarp, and the presbyters with him, to the Church of God sojourning
at Philippi: Mercy to you, and peace from God Almighty, and from the Lord
Jesus Christ, our Saviour, be multiplied.

CHAP. I.--PRAISE OF THE PHILIPPIANS.

I have greatly rejoiced with you in our Lord Jesus Christ, because ye have followed the example of true love [as displayed by God], and have accompanied, as became you, those who were bound in chains, the fitting ornaments of saints, and which are indeed the diadems of the true elect of God and our Lord; and because the strong root of your faith, spoken of in days long gone by, endureth even until now, and bringeth forth fruit to our Lord Jesus Christ, who for our sins suffered even unto death, [but] "whom God raised froth the dead, having loosed the bands of the grave." "In whom, though now ye see Him not, ye believe, and believing, rejoice with joy unspeakable and full of glory; " into which joy many desire to enter, knowing that "by grace ye are saved, not of works," but by the will of God through Jesus
Christ.

CHAP. II.--AN EXHORTATION TO VIRTUE.

"Wherefore, girding up your loins," "serve the Lord in fear" and truth,
as those who have forsaken the vain, empty talk and error of the multitude,
and "believed in Him who raised up our Lord Jesus Christ from the dead, and
gave Him glory," and a throne at His right hand. To Him all things" in
heaven and on earth are subject. Him every spirit serves. He comes as the
Judge of the living and the dead. His blood will God require of those
who do not believe in Him. But He who raised Him up from the dead will
raise up us also, if we do His will, and walk in His commandments, and
love what He loved, keeping ourselves from all unrighteousness, covetousness, love of money, evil speaking, false witness; "not rendering evil for evil, or railing for railing," or blow for blow, or cursing for cursing, but being mindful of what the Lord said in His teaching: "Judge not, that ye be not judged; forgive, and it shall be forgiven unto you; be merciful, that ye may obtain mercy; with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again; and once more, "Blessed are the poor, and those that are persecuted for righteousness' sake, for theirs is the kingdom of God."

CHAP. III.--EXPRESSIONS OR PERSONAL UNWORTHINESS.

These things, brethren, I write to you concerning righteousness, not because
I take anything upon myself, but because ye have invited me to do so. For
neither I, nor any other such one, can come up to the wisdom" of the blessed
and glorified Paul. He, when among you, accurately and steadfastly taught
the word of truth in the presence of those who were then alive. And when
absent from you, he wrote you a letter, which, if you carefully study,
you will find to be the means of building you up in that faith which has
been given you, and which, being followed by hope, and preceded by love towards God, and Christ, and our neighbor, "is the mother of us all." For if
any one be inwardly possessed of these graces, he hath fulfilled the command
of righteousness, since he that hath love is far from all sin.

CHAP. IV.--VARIOUS EXHORTATIONS.

"But the love of money is the root of all evils." Knowing, therefore,
that "as we brought nothing into the world, so we can carry nothing out,"
let us arm ourselves with the armour of righteousness; and let us teach,
first of all, ourselves to walk in the commandments of the Lord. Next, [teach] your wives [to walk] in the faith given to them, and in love and purity tenderly loving their own husbands in all truth, and loving all [others] equally in all chastity; and to train up their children in the knowledge and fear of God. Teach the widows to be discreet as respects the faith of the Lord, praying continually for all, being far from all slandering, evil-speaking, false-witnessing, love of money, and every kind of evil; knowing that they are the altar s of God, that He clearly perceives all things, and that nothing is hid from Him, neither reasonings, nor reflections, nor any one of the secret things of the heart.

CHAP. V.--THE DUTIES OF DEACONS, YOUTHS, AND VIRGINS.

Knowing, then, that "God is not mocked," we ought to walk worthy of His
commandment and glory. In like manner should the deacons be blameless before
the face of His righteousness, as being the servants of God and Christ,
and not of men. They must not be slanderers, double-tongued, or lovers
of money, but temperate in all things, compassionate, industrious, walking
according to the truth of the Lord, who was the servant of all. If we
please Him in this present world, we shall receive also the future world,
according as He has promised to us that He will raise us again from the dead, and that if we live worthily of Him, "we shall also reign together with
Him," provided only we believe. In like manner, let the young men also
be blameless in all things, being especially careful to preserve purity,
and keeping themselves in, as with a bridle, from every kind of evil. For
it is well that they should be cut off from the lusts that are in the
world, since "every lust warreth against the spirit; " and "neither
fornicators, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind, shall
inherit the kingdom of God," nor those who do things inconsistent and
unbecoming. Wherefore, it is needful to abstain from all these things, being
subject to the presbyters and deacons, as unto God and Christ. The virgins
also must walk in a blameless and pure conscience.

CHAP. VI.--THE DUTIES OF PRESBYTERS AND OTHERS.

And let the presbyters be compassionate and merciful to all, bringing back
those that wander, visiting all the sick, and not neglecting the widow, the
orphan, or the poor, but always "providing for that which is becoming in
the sight of God and man ; " abstaining from all wrath, respect of persons,
and unjust judgment; keeping far off from . all covetousness, not quickly
crediting [an evil re port] against any one, not severe in judgment, as knowing that we are all under a debt of sin. If then we entreat the Lord to forgive us, we ought also ourselves to forgive; for we are before the eyes of our Lord and God, and "we must all appear at the judgment-seat of Christ,
and must every one give an account of himself." Let us then serve Him
in fear, and with all reverence, even as He Himself has commanded us, and
as the apostles who preached the Gospel unto us, and the prophets who proclaimed beforehand the coming of the Lord [have alike taught us]. Let us be zealous in the pursuit of that which is good, keeping ourselves from causes of offense, from false brethren, and from those who in hypocrisy bear the name of the Lord, and draw away vain men into error.

CHAP. VII.--AVOID THE DOCETAE, AND PERSEVERE IN FASTING AND PRAYER.

"For whosoever does not confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh,
is antichrist;" and whosoever does not confess the testimony of the
cross, is of the devil; and whosoever perverts the oracles of the Lord
to his own lusts, and says that there is neither a resurrection nor a judgment, he is the first-born of Satan. Wherefore, forsaking the vanity of many, and their false doctrines, let us return to the word which has been handed down to us from the beginning; "watching unto prayer," and persevering in fasting; beseeching in our supplications the all-seeing God "not to lead us into temptation," as the Lord has said: "The spirit truly is willing, but the flesh is weak."

CHAP. VIII.--PERSEVERE IN HOPE AND PATIENCE.

Let us then continually persevere in our hope, and the earnest of our
righteousness, which is Jesus Christ, "who bore our sins in His own body
on the tree," "who did no sin, neither was guile found in His mouth,"
but endured all things for us, that we might live in Him. Let us then
be imitators of His patience; and if we suffer for His name's sake, let
us glorify Him. For He has set us this example s in Himself, and we have
believed that such is the case.

CHAP. IX.--PATIENCE INCULCATED.

I exhort you all, therefore, to yield obedience to the word of righteousness, and to exercise all patience, such as ye have seen [set] before your eyes, not only in the case of the blessed Ignatius, and Zosimus, and Rufus, but also in others among yourselves, and in Paul himself, and the rest of the apostles. [This do] in the assurance that all these have not run in vain, but in faith and righteousness, and that they are [now] in their due place in the presence of the Lord, with whom also they suffered. For they loved not this present world, but Him who died for us, and for our sakes as raised again by God from the dead.

CHAP. X.--EXHORTATION TO THE PRACTICE OF VIRTUE.

Stand fast, therefore, in these things, and follow the example of the Lord,
being firm and unchangeable in the faith, loving the brotherhood, and
being attached to one another, joined together in the truth, exhibiting the
meekness of the Lord in your intercourse with one another, and despising
no one. When you can do good, defer it not, because "alms delivers from death.""
Be all of you subject one to another? having your conduct blameless among
the Gentiles," that ye may both receive praise for your good works, and
the Lord may not be blasphemed through you. But woe to him by whom the name
of the Lord is blasphemed! Teach, therefore, sobriety to all, and manifest
it also in your own conduct.

CHAP. XI.--EXPRESSION OF GRIEF ON ACCOUNT OF VALENS.

I am greatly grieved for Valens, who was once a presbyter among you, because
he so little understands the place that was given him [in the Church]. I
exhort you, therefore, that ye abstain from covetousness, and that ye
be chaste and truthful. "Abstain from every form of evil." For if a man
cannot govern himself in such matters, how shall he enjoin them on others
? If a man does not keep himself from covetousness, he shall be defiled
by idolatry, and shall be judged as one of the heathen. But who of us are
ignorant of the judgment of the Lord ? "Do we not know that the saints shall
judge the world ?" as Paul teaches. But I have neither seen nor heard
of any such thing among you, in the midst of whom the blessed Paul laboured,
and who are commended in the beginning of his Epistle. For he boasts
of you in all those Churches which alone then knew the Lord; but we [of Smyrna] had not yet known Him. I am deeply grieved, therefore, brethren, for him (Valens) and his wife; to whom may the Lord grant true repentance! And be ye then moderate in regard to this matter, and "do not count such as
enemies," but call them back as suffering and straying members, that
ye may save your whole body. For by so acting ye shall edify yourselves.

CHAP. XII.--EXHORTATION TO VARIOUS GRACES.

For I trust that ye are well versed in the Sacred Scriptures, and that nothing
is hid from you; but to me this privilege is not yet granted. It is declared
then in these Scriptures, "Be ye angry, and sin not," and, "Let not the
sun go down upon your wrath." Happy is he who remembers this, which
I believe to be the case with you. But may the God and Father of our Lord
Jesus Christ, and Jesus Christ Himself, who is the Son of God, and our
everlasting High Priest, build you up in faith and truth, and in all meekness,
gentleness, patience, long-suffering, forbearance, and purity; and may He
bestow on you a lot and portion among His saints, and on us with you, and
on all that are under heaven, who shall believe in our Lord Jesus Christ,
and in His Father, who 'raised Him from the dead'. Pray for all the saints.
Pray also for kings, and potentates, and princes, and for those that persecute and hate you, and for the enemies of the cross, that your fruit may be manifest to all, and that ye may be perfect in Him.

CHAP. XIII.--CONCERNING THE TRANSMISSION OF EPISTLES.

Both you and Ignatius wrote to me, that if any one went [from this] into
Syria, he should carry your letter with him; which request I will attend
to if I find a fitting opportunity, either personally, or through some other
acting for me, that your desire may be fulfilled. The Epistles of Ignatius
written by him to us, and all the rest [of his Epistles] which we have
by us, we have sent to you, as you requested. They are subjoined to this
Epistle, and by them ye may be greatly profited; for they treat of faith
and patience, and all things that tend to edification in our Lord. Any
more certain information you may have obtained respecting both Ignatius himself,
and those that were with him, have the goodness to make known to us.

CHAP. XIV.--CONCLUSION.

These things I have written to you by Crescens, whom up to the present
time I have recommended unto you, and do now recommend. For he has acted
blamelessly among us, and I believe also among you. Moreover, ye will hold
his sister in esteem when she comes to you. Be ye safe in the Lord Jesus
Christ. Grace be with you all. Amen.

Saint Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna, was a disciple of Saint John. He wrote to the Philippians, exhorting them to mutual love and to hatred of heresy. When the apostate Marcion met Saint Polycarp at Rome, he asked the aged Saint if he knew him. "Yes," Saint Polycarp answered, "I know you for the first-born of Satan." These were the words of a Saint, most loving and most charitable, and specially noted for his compassion to sinners. He abhorred heresy, because he loved God and man so well.

In 167 persecution broke out in Smyrna. When Polycarp heard that his pursuers were at the door, he said, "The Will of God be done;" and meeting them, he begged to be left alone for a little time, which he spent in prayer for the Catholic Church throughout the world. He was brought to Smyrna early on Holy Saturday; and as he entered, a voice was heard from heaven, "Polycarp, be strong." When the proconsul urged him to curse Christ and go free, Polycarp answered, "Eighty-six years I have served Him, and He never did me wrong; how can I blaspheme my King and Saviour?" When he threatened him with fire, Polycarp told him this fire of his lasted but a short time, while the fire prepared for the wicked lasted forever.

At the stake he thanked God aloud for letting him drink of Christ's chalice. The fire was lighted, but it did him no harm; therefore he was stabbed to the heart, and his dead body was burnt. "Then," say the writers of his acts, "we took up the bones, more precious than the richest jewels or gold, and deposited them in a fitting place, at which may God grant us to assemble with joy, to celebrate the birthday of the martyr to his life in heaven!"